Alms (zakat) part 3
assalaamu'alaikum...
- Tithe Recipients
"Indeed it is only zakat charity to needy people, poor people, board-management of zakat, the mu'allaf who persuaded his heart, for the (freeing) of slaves, those who owe, to the way of Allah, and those which is on the way, as something in the compulsory provisions of God; And Allah is Knower Bijakasana. "
(Surat At-Repentance: 60)
Allah has explained the eight categories are eligible to receive zakat. Namely:
1.Fakir: people who can only meet less than half kebutuhanya.
2.Miskin: people who can provide more than half kebutuhanya, but he was not able to meet their needs thoroughly, then he was given for several months kebutuhanya charity.
3. Zakat: person designated by the authorities (government) to collect alms from the people who pay zakat.mereka given a decent wage in accordance with their work.
4. The converts who persuaded her heart: the new people who embrace Islam, they are given alms to hti they accept Islam and software so that their hearts remain true faith
5. Zakat is also given to freeing the slaves and freeing prisoners of war who were captured by the enemy.
6.
People who owe: they are the people who gave their debt burden to pay off their debt charity the condition that the religion of Islam, could not repay debts, and did not owe to finance disobedience.
7. Sabilillah Fi: they are the mujahid who fought willingly without a salary from the government, give alms to them in themselves or to buy weapons.
8. People who are in the trip are the travelers who run out of supplies to continue in this room, so he was given just kebutuhanya charity, so he got to tujuanya.
Ibn Qayyim refuted this and said: "specialism tithe for the poor people, a gift of the Holy Prophet. The Prophet is never shared a little tithe to the group of eight, also never told him, was not done by one of the friends and those opinions sesudahnya.bahkn one of our schools are not allowed to submit a tithe, but only to the poor only. This opinion is stronger than that requires the division of opinion on asnaf tithe of eight.
According to the Maliki school, actually tithe was only given to groups of poor and indigent. Not at the charity worker, not on the person who converts, not in the liberation of slavery, not the people who owe, not to those who owe, not to those who fought, nor for that ran out of ibn sabil provision to go home, even were not given except by nature of the indigent. If in a country no pauper, then on the move kenegara neighbors of those costs out charity, not taken from the charity, so as not to decrease the amount.
In this case obviously there are three opinions:
1. Opinions that require distributed on an eight asnaf, with this average is the famous opinion of Shafi faction.
2. Opinions are allowed to share in the eight and mengkhususkannya asnaf to the indigent class. This is the opinion jumhur, because tithe is a tithe as well, so enter in generality as the letter of Repentance at-verse: 60
3. Opinions that require specialized to indigent people, this is the opinion of Maliki faction, one of the opinions of Imam Ahmad, in reinforced by Ibn Qoyyim and his teacher, namely Ibn Taymiyyah. This opinion is on hold also by Imam Hadi, Qashim and Abu Tholib, where they say that the tithe was only given to the poor only, not to the other of the eight asnaf, based on the hadith: "Zakat-Fitr is to feed the people the poor. " And the hadith: "Cukupkanlah them at this feast."
Hadith-hadith above shows that the main purpose is to replenish tithe indigent persons at the feast, if the indigent person is there, but this does not mean preventing diberikanya to other groups, according to the needs and welfare, as an explanation of the Prophet about the charity wealth , that the tithe was taken from the rich and given to the poor. Messenger. does not prohibit, zakat is given to the other asnaf, as contained in the letter at paragraph 60-Repentance.
- The problems that comes up in relation to tithe
There are many problems that arise when paying zakat, among others: Removing the tithe prices by three priests who are not allowed, either in the tithe or zakat-alms on the other, Ibn Umar argued that the price submitted is contrary to the sunnah as well as Ibn Hazm Rosul opinion that gave the price that it is not permissible because it was different than what is required yng Prophet.
Imam at-Tsuri, Abu Hanifa and ashabnya believes that the issue price was allowed. It is also narrated from Umar bin Abdul Aziz and Hasan Basri, among the reasons that reinforce this argument is the word of Allah Rosul. "It is enough poor people at the feast not to beg." This cover can also be the price, could also with the food, the permissibility issue price since the show since the first, namely the companions to allow issued a half-sha 'wheat, because it is considered as valuable as a sha' dates. Some problems associated with the delivery price:
* That the intention to submit the price is the price of wheat, syai'ir, or dates.
* Not allowed mengelurkan price of an existing food nasnya, between one kind of mixed with other species.
people who can not afford to tithe out through the new moon of Shawwaal, and then the day after, so in this case he is not obliged to spend zakat (Syafii priests).
Bibliography:
- Dr. Yusuf Qordawi, (1996). Hukum Zakat. Bogor: Litera Antar Nusa dan Mizan.
- Imam Syafii, Ringkasan Kitab al-Umm, (2004). Jakarta: Pustaka Azzam.
- Muhammad jawad Mugniyah, (1996). Fikih Lima Mazhab. Jakarta: Lentera.
